Alice Mushnick Garber: my grandfather's second wife

Sometimes we just need a small crack, a chink, to give us enough light to see the way to the goal. Such was my journey from little or no information, to a hunch, to finding my quarry. I successfully tracked my grandfather's mistress (later his second wife), Alice.

My grandparents' marriage was not made in heaven. Jack Garber and Dora Morris had known each other their entire lives (they were both immigrants from Labun) and were first cousins.

My father and his younger brother Lenny would joke about their mother's terrible cooking and housekeeping. My father said that if someone exclaimed that a meal was "just like mother used to make," he would run in the opposite direction.

My grandfather had more than one mistress. My father's first cousin, Hal, related that fairly early on there had, apparently, been a family meeting among the Garbers and Morrises about the state of my grandparents' marriage. Dora's mother, Sarah (who was also Jack's aunt), opined that Jack's wandering was Dora's fault for "inviting" whatever woman my grandfather was having an affair with at that time into the house. Needless to say this soured the relationship between mother and daughter.

A few years ago I asked my uncle Lenny why he thought my grandmother was such a failure at cooking and housekeeping. He suggested that she just didn't seem to care. From my distant perspective, it is hard to know which came first, chronic depression or a wandering husband.

I do not know exactly when Alice came into my grandfather's life. It was definitely before my grandmother died of cancer on 24 August 1954.[1] My father's elder sister Leah never forgave Jack. My father, ever the peace-maker, would dutifully take us to Brooklyn to see Papa Garber (our name for my grandfather Jack) and Alice from time to time.

I have wondered about Alice. I did not know much about her. She was round, had short straight white hair and, unlike my grandfather, spoke English without a foreign accent. My older cousins told me that they had heard that Jack was seeking a woman who, unlike my immigrant grandmother, was a real American (!): born in the USA. I also recall hearing that Alice had some children from a previous marriage.

After he died on 1 June 1963, and my grandfather's small estate was settled, I believe the family rarely, if ever, had contact with Alice.[2] Considering the family's feelings, it is not surprising that Alice's grave is not in the First Lubiner Progressive Benevolent Association plots where my grandparents and many family members are interred. I did not know when Alice died or where she might be buried. I had no idea what her maiden name or prior married name might have been.

There are so many Jewish cemeteries in the New York metropolitan area that if one does not know where a person had been buried it is nearly impossible, without a death certificate, to know where to look. I would have gotten nowhere on my search if I'd not recalled that Jack's sons told me that Alice was devoted to my grandfather and "carried on" at his funeral. My hunch was that Alice's devotion would have translated into a strong desire to be buried in the same cemetery as Jack. I searched Montefiore Cemetery's online index for the grave of Alice Garber. Bingo!

Here lies

Sarah Elka daughter of Tzaduk

May her soul be bound in the bonds of the living

ALICE GARBER

BELOVED MOTHER

GRANDMOTHER

GREAT GRANDMOTHER

DEC. 25, 1894

AUG. 30, 1975

While I wasn't completely sure at first if this was her, this information did give me enough to start my research. The next step was to acquire her application for Social Security (SS-5) and their marriage record.[3]

Alice was originally named Sarah. She was the fifth child of ten born to Charles Mushnick and Lena Goldstein/Goldfarb/Goldberg on 10 December 1893 in Providence, Rhode Island.[4] Her tombstone and Social Security application indicated that she was born on 25 December 1894. This was, according to the date on her Providence, RI birth register, incorrect. 

Her father Charles emigrated in about 1886 and was followed in the early 1890s by Lena and their first three children. In Providence, Charles had a business as an express wagon driver.[5]

Sarah still attended school in 1909, but by 1910, she worked as a bench hand in a jewelry shop.[6] In the 1940 census, she reported that she'd completed the 8th grade.[7]

In 26 May 1912, Alice Mushnick married Samuel I. Rodman in Providence.[8]

By 1920, Alice and Samuel Rodman lived in Brooklyn, New York, with their two children: Leonard (b. 8 Oct 1913) and Lillian (b. 3 Sep 1915). Samuel Rodman was a shoe salesman.[9] The couple's third child, Florence, was born about 1920.[10]

Alice and Samuel were recorded together in the 1930 census.[11] The 1940 census found Alice divorced and living with her children in Brooklyn.[12] The date of the divorce is unclear. When Alice married Jack Garber in 1955, she stated that her divorce was effected on 11 February 1927 in Chicago, IL.[13] If this was true, then either the information in the 1930 census was not correct (i.e., Samuel did not live with them), or Alice later recalled the date of her divorce incorrectly.

Jack Garber married Sarah Alice Mushnick Rodman at the Kings County Municipal Building in Brooklyn on 8 January 1955, less than five months after my grandmother died of cancer at the age of 56.

Notes:

1. Kings County, NY, certificate of death no. 156-54-315803, Dora Garber, 24 August 1954; Department of Health and Mental Hygeine, New York City.

2. Kings Co., NY, certificate of death no. 156-63-311669, Jack Garber, 1 June 1963; Department of Health and Mental Hygeine, New York City.

3. Under New York law, I could not acquire her death record.

4. For Alice's birth, see: Providence, Rhode Island, 1893 birth register, vol. 15, p. 182, Sarah Mutznick, 10 December 1893; "Rhode Island, Town Clerk, Vital and Town Records, 1630-1945," images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QS7-L9VD-J2T8?cc=2146229&wc=Q6HB-WZ3%3A1590132303%2C1590132304%2C1590132373 : accessed 18 March 2018), Providence > Providence > Birth register, 1891-1893, vol 15 > image 226 of 262; Rhode Island State Archive, Providence City Archives, city and town clerk offices. Lena's maiden name appears with several variations in records. She was identified as "Lizzie Goldstein" in Alice's birth register. On her SS-5, Alice says her mother's maiden name was Goldfarb. On Alice's sister, Rebecca's birth record, her mother is identified as Goldberg. See, "Rhode Island Births and Christenings, 1600-1914," index, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org : accessed 17 March 2018), entry for Rebecca Mushnick, 8 November 1905, Providence, RI.

5. 1910 U.S. Census, Providence Co., Rhode Island, population schedule, Providence, e.d. 26, sheet 11B, dwelling 115, family 246, Charles and Jennie Mushnick family; images, Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 17 March 2018).

1920 U.S. Census, Providence Co., RI, pop. sched., Providence, e.d. 193, sheet 9B, dwell. 83, fam. 183, Charles and Lena Salomushnick family; images, Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 17 March 2018); citing NARA microfilm publication T624, roll 1442.

6. 1910 U.S. Census, Providence Co., RI, pop. sched., Providence, e.d. 26, sheet 11B, dwell. 115, fam. 246, Charles and Jennie Mushnick family.

7. 1940 U.S. Census, Kings Co., NY, pop. sched., Brooklyn, e.d. 24-2041B, sheet 1A, household 4, Alice Rodman family; images, Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 17 March 2018); citing NARA microfilm publication T627.

8. "Rhode Island Town Marriages Index, 1639-1916," index, FamilySearch (http://www.familysearch.org : accessed 17 March 2018), entry for Samuel Isaac Rodman and Sarah Alice Mushnick, 26 May 1912, Providence, Rhode Island.

9. 1920 U.S. Census, Kings Co., NY, pop. sched., Brooklyn, e.d. 734, sheet 6B, dwell. n/a, fam. 28, Samuel and Alice Rodman family; images, Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 17 March 2018); citing NARA microfilm publication T624.

10. 1925 New York State Census, Kings Co., NY, enumeration of inhabitants, assembly district 13, election district 13, p. 4, Samuel and Alice Rodman family; images, Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com : access 25 October 2013), New York State Archives, Albany. 

11. 1930 U.S. Census, Kings, Co, NY, pop. sched., Brooklyn, e.d. 24-45, sheet 6B, dwell. 10, fam. 116, Samuel and Alice Rodman family; images, Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 25 October 2013).

12. 1940 U.S. Census, Kings Co., NY, pop. sched., Brooklyn, e.d. 24-2041B, sheet 1A, household 4, Alice Rodman family.

13. Kings County, New York, certificate of marriage registration no. 18441 (certificate 26171), Jack Garber and Alice Rodman, 8 January 1955; Office of the City Clerk, New York.

Happy Mothers' Day Mitochondrial DNA haplogroup H7e!

A couple of years ago I posted a Mother's Day homage to my mother's mother's mother's line (mitochondrial haplogroup L2a1l2a). This year let's talk about my father's mother's mother's mother's line (mtDNA haplogroup H7e).
 
Happy Mother's Day to my late grandmother Dora, great grandmother Sarah, great great grandmother Ida (Chaye Sura) and my great great great grandmother Devora!

I do not know Devora Kesselman's maiden name (if she had one). Nor do I know if she and her husband Baruch Yisrael Kesselman had any children beyond my great great grandmother Chaya Sura. 

Morris family: (l-r) Jeannette, Max, Sarah, Murray, Esther and Dora; inset is Saul

Chaye Sura adopted the name Ida after she arrived in the USA with her husband David Malzmann (later Myers) in 1913. She was born about 1844 in the Russian Empire and died in the Bronx on 16 November 1926. David and Ida had six children: Myer, Sarah (my great grandmother), Rebecca, Louis, Joseph and Harry. It would seem to me that some member of the Myers family must have some photos of David and Ida Myers. But, so far, I have not located anyone with a family archive.

My great grandmother Sarah was born about 1876 in Labun, Volhynia Gubernia, Russian Empire and married Itzig Mazewitsky. She died on 9 August 1956 in the Bronx. Itzig adopted the name Isidor Morris upon immigration to New York City in 1906. Sarah followed with their children in 1910. She and Isidor had six children: Dora (my grandmother), Jeannette, Max, Murray, Esther and, their only US-born child, Saul.

Isidor and Sarah's eldest child was my grandmother, Dora. She married her first cousin (Isidor Morris' sister's son) Jack Garber in New York City in 1916. Dora  (originally Dvora) was born in Labun about 1897 and died in Brooklyn in 1954. Jack and Dora had three children: Leah, Bernard and Leonard.

Two of my cousins tested to identify this line's mtDNA haplogroup. One is a grandchild of Sarah Myers Morris and the other is a great grandchild. Interestingly, they are each other's only exact matches for mtDNA. There are 45 matches at a genetic distance (mutation) of 1; 39 at 2 and 6 at 3. This indicates the possibility of a fairly recent mutation separating this line from others in the haplogroup. If we ever find another previously unpredicted exact match, we'll likely have a cousin.

My DNA Arboriculture

Commons.Wikimedia.org

Recently many genealogists have jumped on a bandwagon started by blogger J. Paul Hawthorn. He created a chart using Excel to show where ancestors on his family tree were born. Then some genealogists, including Lara Diamond, thought to show their Y-DNA (father's father's father, etc.) and mitochondrial DNA (mother's mother's mother, etc.) haplogroups. 

Using this tool for DNA results is a terrific way to see how well one has applied DNA testing to one's tree. It really shows where the holes are and gives one an idea which relatives to approach next for further testing. 

For my family, I had to remake the chart to take into account the fact that my paternal grandparents (Jacob Garber and Dora Morris) were first cousins. Jacob's mother and Dora's father were siblings.

Holes in the Chart:

Morris (Mazewitsky) Y-DNA: I have not pursued this line yet, but I do have more than one Morris male relative to approach.

Wilson (Wilensky) Y-DNA: Soon to be accomplished. My cousin (a Wilson male) has just sent in his cheek swab test to FamilyTree DNA. Yes!

Liebross Y-DNA: I have asked some of my Liebross male cousins to test and have not yet received a yes (sigh).

Hoda Epstein Mt-DNA: I know of only one person I could approach on this (I missed my chance to ask her late mother to test). Right now I do not think the daughter is interested.

The other blanks cannot be pursued, at this point, unless I determine some additional collateral relatives on my tree.

Treasure Chest Thursday: "Stone House," Perrineville ad, FLPBA 25th anniversary publication

More than two years ago I wrote about my great grandfather, Isidore Morris and great grandmother, Sarah Myers Morris, and their Perrineville, New Jersey home documented in the 1940 census. They had left New York City in 1933 and purchased a house with some acreage (their "farm") in Perrineville, New Jersey.[1] What I had not realized until I saw this advertisement in the First Lubiner Progressive Benevolent Association's twenty-fifth anniversary publication was that they had developed a country summer "resort" called "Stone House" and rented rooms and a bungalow.

Isidore and Sarah sold the property in 1945 and moved back to the City.[2] Isidore's health had deteriorated, undoubtedly due to his years working as a glazier. He passed away in 1947.[3]

Note:
1. Monmouth County, New Jersey, Deed Book 1639, page 94, George Moskowitz to Isidore Morris, 25 October 1933.
2. Monmouth County, New Jersey, Deed Book 2003, page 27, Isidore and Sarah Morris to Joseph and Esther Horowitz, 14 May 1945.
3. Bronx County, New York, Certificate of Death no. 12512 (22 December 1947), Isadore Morris, New York City Municipal Archives, New York.

Treasure Chest Thursday: Esther Morris & Robert Blatt Marriage Certificate

Esther Morris, my great aunt and youngest sister of my paternal grandmother Dora, married Robert Blatt in 1929.

New York County, New York, Certificate and Record of Marriage no. 24784 (29 September 1929), Robert Blatt and Esther Morris, Municipal Archives, New York.

Items in red will be discussed further, below. 

[1st page]
Groom: Robert Blatt
Residence: 61 E. 108th Street
Age: 32
Color: White
Single, Widowed or Divorced: single
Occupation: Sheet Metal
Birthplace: Russia
Father's Name: Joseph
Mother's Maiden Name: Leah Levine
Number of Groom's Marriage: First

Bride: Esther Morris
Residence: 239 E. 105th St.
Age: 23
Color: White
Single, Widowed or Divorced: single
Maiden Name, if a Widow: [blank]
Birthplace: Russia
Father's Name: Isidore
Mother's Maiden Name: Sarah Meyers
Number of Bride's Marriage: First
 
I hearby certify that the above-named groom and bride were joined in Marriage by me, in accordance with the laws of the State of New York, at 50 Delancey Street, in the borough of Man, City of New York, this 29th of Sept, 1929.
 
Signature of person performing the ceremony:
                                                        /s/ Rev. I. Kirschner
Official Station: 1835 University Ave
Residence: 1905 Loring Rd, Bx.

Witnesses to }  David Kirschner
the Marriage }  F[?] H[?] Richter
 
[2nd page]  
WE hereby certify that we are the Groom and Bride named in this Certificate, and that the information given therein is correct, to the best of our knowledge and belief.
                              /s/ Robert Blatt  Groom
                              /s/ Esther Morris Bride  
Signed in the presence of  /s/ David Kirschner
                                                /s/         Richter

----------------------- 

Esther and Robert Blatt were married at 50 Delancey Street, which today, is a restaurant supply company (photo from Google Maps, below). I have searched several online New York City directories, but have not determined what was on this corner in 1929.

Isaac Kirschner was a Cantor (and Rabbi) who served at the Hebrew Institute of University Heights, at that time located at 1835 University Avenue. The synagogue building today is occupied by the Kips Bay Boys and Girls Club, shown below.

I am do not know anything about the witnesses who signed the certificate. According to the 1930 U.S. Census, Isaac Kirschner had a son named David, but he would have only been about 9 years old at the time of the wedding, so I doubt that the signature belonged to him. Interestingly, I have a copy of Esther and Robert's ketubah (Jewish marriage record) and the witness on that was Max Garber (my great uncle - and Esther's first cousin).

Treasure Chest Thursday: Isidore Morris' Alien Registration

After years of family history research the thrills come less frequently, but are no less enthralling. A couple of days ago the mail brought a gift from the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Service Genealogy Program: my great grandfather Isidore Morris' Alien Registration Form. For some time, but to no avail, I'd been trying to locate any of his naturalization records. With this new record I was able to finally locate his declaration of intention to become a citizen.

Information from census records indicated that Isidor had filed some naturalization papers but it was likely that the process had never been completed. 

The census records I have for Isidore indicate the following:

alien - 1915 New York State Census
alien - 1920 U.S. Census
alien (1st papers) - 1925 New York State Census
Pa - 1930 U.S. Census
Pa - 1940 U.S. Census[1]

Isidore's 1918 World War I draft registration shows that he had not declared his intention to naturalize.[2]

So the question remained: had Isidore ever completed the naturalization process before he passed away on 22 December 1947? It appears he did not.

ALIEN REGISTRATION FORM

1. (a) My name is Isidor Morris

    (b) I entered the United States under the name of same 

2. (a) I live at Perrineville Monmouth New Jersey

    (b) My post-office address s R.D. #1 Hightstown New Jersey

3. (a) I was born on May 18 1874

    (b) I was born in (or near) Lubin Volin Russia

4. I am a citizen or subject of None, Last Citizen Czarist Russia 

5. (a) I am male

    (b) My marital status is married

6. I am 5 feet, 6 inches in height, weigh 165 pounds, have Black hair and Brown eyes 

7. (a) I last arrived in the United States at New York, N.Y. on Jan. 3, 1906

    (b) I came in by S.S. Carpathia

    (c) I came as a passenger

    (d) I entered the United States as a Permanent resident

    (e) I arrived in the United States on January 3, 1906

8. (a) I have lived in the United States a total of Thirty Four years

    (b) I expect to remain in the United States Permanently

9. (a) My usual occupation is Glazier

    (b) My present occupation is None

    (c) My employer is Retired

10. I am, or have been within the past 8 years, or intend to be engaged in the following activities:

   In addition to other information, list memberships or activities in clubs, organizations, or societies

Member of the First Lublin Progessive Benevolent Assn.

First Hebrew Farmers Assn Perrineville N.J.

11. My military or naval service has been None

12. I Have applied for first citizenship papers in the United States. Date of application 3/3/21

  First citizenship papers received Mar. 3, 1921, number 244425, New York, N.Y. 

  Filed petition for naturalization [blank] 

13. I have the following specified relatives living in the United States:

  Parent(s) None   Husband or wife Yes  Children Six 

14. I Have Not been arrested or indicted for, or convicted of any offense (or offenses).

15. Within the past 5 years I Have Not been affiliated with or active in (a member of, official of, a worker for)  organizations devoted in whole or in part to influencing or furthering the political activities, public relations, or public policy of a foreign government.

AFFIDAVIT FOR PERSONS 14 YEARS OF AGE OR OLDER

I have read or have read to me the above statements, and do hereby swear (or affirm) that these statements are true and complete to the best of my knowledge and belief.

                              /s/ Isidor Morris  

                                                       [stamped] Oct 28 1940 

--------------------

Actually, Isidor did not enter the United States as Isidor Morris (as shown in item 1b). He traveled as "Iczik Maczevizcki." If his surname had been Morris, his manifest would not have been so difficult to locate. Mazewitsky was his surname in the old county.

Under item 10, the correct name of the first group in which Isidore was a member is First Lubiner Progressive Benevolent Association. The town assocated with this landsmanshaft (countrymen's group) was Lubin (aka Labun, Volhynia Gubernia, Russian Empire).

I did not know that my great grandfather was a member of the First Hebrew Farmers Association of Perrineville, N.J. I will put this on my list of groups to check on in future research.

Item 12 provided the information I needed to finally locate Isidor's declaration of intent. Armed with the date of the declaration and the number I browsed through the New York County naturalization records (specifically, the declarations) now online at FamilySearch.org.

New York County, New York, Supreme Court, Declaration of Intention no. 244425, Isador Morris, 3 March 1921; "New York, County Naturalization Records, 1791-1980," index and images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org : accessed 22 Oct 2014), New York > Declarations of intention 1921 vol 496, no 244236-244735 > image 97 of 253.

Isidor stated on this record that he'd emigrated from Trieste. His manifest says the ship left from Fiume, which today is known as Rijeka, Croatia.

Fiume is about 75 kilometers from Trieste, but definitely not the same place.

It's interesting that in 1921 when Isidor filed his Declaration of Intention, he did not sign his name (the document shows he left his mark as an X). On his 1918 World War I draft registration card he did sign his name.

The surname looks very similar to the signature on the Alien Registration card, above. I imagine that Isidor, like most Jewish men in Eastern Europe, could write in Yiddish, but was not comfortable signing his new name in Latin letters. It is difficult to tell from his manifest, but it appears that he was recorded there as illiterate. 


Notes:
1. 1920 U.S. Census, New York County, New York, population schedule, Manhattan, Enumeration District 1262, sheet 6B, dwelling 14, family 134, Isadore Morris; digital image, Ancestry.com (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 8 February 2008); NARA microfilm publication T625, roll 1219.
1925 New York State census, Bronx County, New York, enumeration of inhabitants, Bronx, Assembly District 5, Election District 40, page 19, entries 27-32, Isidore and Sarah Morris family; digital image, Ancestry.com (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 11 August 2012), New York State Archives, Albany. 
1930 U.S. Census, New York County, New York, population schedule, Manhattan, Enumeration District 31-816, sheet 4B, dwelling 234, family 92, Isadore Morris; digital image, Ancestry.com (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 1 March 2008); NARA microfilm publication T626, roll 1571.
The Minnesota Population Center IPUMS website, which carries instructions issued to census enumerators for each census, indicates that if an alien had filed their first papers (i.e., their declarations of intention) then the enumerator was to indicate this by entering "Pa" in the space provided for citizenship information. The 1930 census instructions are here. The 1940 instructions, here.
2. "World War I Draft Registration Cards, 1917-1918," digital images, Ancestry.com (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 29 March 2008), card for Ididore Morris [Isidore Morris], no. 31-38, New York City Draft Board 160, New York; citing NARA microfilm publication M1509 and FHL microfilm 1,786,852.

Treasure Chest Thursday: Murray Morris and Pauline Levy Marriage

Murray Morris, son of Isidore and Sarah Myers Morris, probably did not remember much about his first few years in Europe. He emigrated from Labun, Russian Empire (Yurovshchina, Ukraine) with his mother and siblings in 1910 when he was six years old.[1]

Bronx County, New York, Certificate and Record of Marriage no. 323 (31 December 1927), Murray Morris and Pauline Levy, Municipal Archives, New York City

Items shown in red text are items I will be discuss further, below.

[1st page]
Groom: Murray Morris
Residence: 1311 Hoe Ave.
Age: 24
Color: White
Single, Widowed or Divorced: Single
Occupation: Glazier
Birthplace: Russia
Father's Name: Isidore
Mother's Maiden Name: Sarah Myers
Number of Groom's Marriage: first

Bride: Pauline Levy
Residence: 1321 Hoe Ave.
Age: 22
Color: White
Single, Widowed or Divorced: Single
Maiden Name, if a Widow: [blank]
Birthplace: N.Y.C.
Father's Name: Lewis
Mother's Maiden Name: Frida Browdy
Number of Bride's Marriage: first
 
I hearby certify that the above-named groom and bride were joined in marriage by me, in accordance with the laws of the State of New York, at Congregation Tefereth Israel, 1438 Prospect Ave, in the borough of Bronx, City of New York, this 31 of December, 1927.
 
Signature of person performing the ceremony:
                                                          /s/ Meyer J. Goldman
Witnesses to } Morris Leibman    Official Station: Rabbi  
the Marriage } Peretz Kaminsky   Residence: 1201 Gilbert Pl.
 
[2nd page]  
WE hereby certify that we are the Groom and Bride named in this Certificate, and that the information given therein is correct, to the best of our knowledge and belief.
                              /s/Murray Morris  Groom
                              /s/Pauline Levy  Bride  
Signed in the presence of  /s/ Morris Leibman and  
/s/ Peretz Kaminsky


Pauline and Murray lived a few houses from each other on the same block of Hoe Avenue. I have checked the 1925 New York State Census and while the Morris family resided at 1311 Hoe Avenue, I did not find a Levy family in the building at 1321 Hoe Avenue. 

Murray and Pauline did wed, however, at the same synagogue in which Murray's sister, Jean, married on the 18th of May 1927.
 

Notes:
1."New York Passenger Lists, 1820-1957," digital images, Ancestry.com (http://www.ancestry.com: accessed 11 January 2012), manifest, Vaderland, Antwerp to New York, arriving 7 June 1910, p. 1, Sure Morris family; citing National Archives Microfilm Serial T715.
2. 1925 New York State Census, New York County, New York, Enumeration of inhabitants, Block 1, ED 40, AD 5, Page 19, Lines 27-32, Isidor and Sarah Morris family; digital image, Ancestry.com (http://www.ancestry.com : 12 August 2012); New York State Archives, Albany, New York.